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Global Infrastructure: Regions & AZs

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Regions vs. Availability Zones

The most fundamental concept in AWS is its global footprint.

  • Region: A separate geographic area (e.g., us-east-1 in N. Virginia, eu-west-1 in Ireland). Each region is completely independent. If the US region goes down, the EU region is unaffected. You choose a region based on compliance (data sovereignty) and latency (closeness to users).
  • Availability Zone (AZ): Within each Region, there are multiple isolated locations known as Availability Zones. An AZ consists of one or more discrete data centers with redundant power and networking.

High Availability (HA): To build a reliable app, you deploy it across multiple AZs. If one data center fails (flood, power cut), your app keeps running in the other AZ.