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Cryptography Essentials
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Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Encryption
Encryption converts data into a code to prevent unauthorized access.
- Symmetric Encryption: Uses the same key for both encryption and decryption. It is very fast and used for bulk data (e.g., AES). The challenge is securely sharing the key.
- Asymmetric Encryption (Public Key Cryptography): Uses a pair of keys. A public key (shared with everyone) encrypts the data, and a private key (kept secret) decrypts it. This solves the key exchange problem (e.g., RSA, ECC).